Narrator: Wilma Herren Interviewer: Andrew Ward     AW: What was life like living in the United States during World War II?   WH: Well everyone was very patriotic at that time, much more so than they are now.      Narrator: Eileen Black Interviewer: Brittany Marlow    EB: The Vietnam War had not as much patriotic feeling. The boys I graduated from high school with all went into the service, but the boys my sons graduated from high school with were all kind of looking for a way out. As far as I could tell a lot of people were unhappy about that war. BM: And in World War II?  EB: World War II [every one] was pretty patriotic. After all the Japanese attacked us, you know. BM: You had an enemy there. EB: You did, you really did. It wasn't something that was around the other part of the world and someone else was in charge of it. BM: The American people knew who they were fighting in World War II, they really knew their cause. EB: Really!    Narrator: Bernita Steffl Interviewer: Christy Iwata    BS: The Second World War had a more legitimate cause. I think the Vietnamese War was a mistake. I don't think that the powers that be were really tuned into the situation and history of Vietnam. And I think our troops suffered from that and there were so many casualties.     Narrator: Dorothy Kachur   Interviewer: Mike Petrielo    MP: From your perspective, what were some of the major differences between the Second World War and the Vietnam War?  DK: Well…it seems that the Second World War was more important really than the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War was like this Iraq thing. I don't think we should've ever been in it. You know what I mean?  MP: Yeah. DK: I think the United States sticks their nose into too many things, but I guess if you want to be the big shots [laughter]that's what you have to do... that's what I figured.      Narrator: Esther Duncan Interviewer: Elizabeth Ellery    ED:  Well of course I wasn't in the Vietnam War, but my son was....  I came home in October of '45 and my husband came home in November of '45.  My husband was originally born in Arkansas, but he had worked out here before he went to the service.  He didn't want to stay in Pennsylvania-- of course, fine I'll go to Arizona.  So we found [that] it was hard to get a bus or even an airplane or anything at that time, all the guys coming home from the service.  So my folks knew a young man who was coming west, and he had got two teachers to ride with him, so we paid him and came west in this car with him.  Well for some reason, I don't remember now, but when he got to Flagstaff, he said "I'm not driving down to Phoenix."  So he took us to a Greyhound bus station, bought our tickets and we came down.  The old... Greyhound bus station, I think it was down on Grand Street, or something like that.  And I walked in that bus station and I said, "Oh what have I got myself into?" Indians sitting all around on the floor-- I never saw an Indian before.  And you know it just sort of surprised me--they were all dressed up in their... blankets, and they were selling baskets and things like that.  And even for a few years after we came here in downtown Phoenix you would see them downtown like in front of Walgreen's or something you know.  Evidently they don't allow them to do that anymore; you never see them in town anymore at all.  In a way it's not fair.  Now I went to Grand Canyon many years ago, and on the way up there, gee I don't know how many Indian places there were, where they were out selling their jewelry and things.    EE:  Yeah this question kind of goes back to the Vietnam question… ED:  My son was in it.  He was old enough to go and he joined; he wasn't drafted, he joined.  He never wanted to talk about it when he came back; he just never wanted to talk about it.  And when he came home one day, I looked in his pocket and he had cigarettes in it, and I said "you never smoked, how come you're smoking?"  They had long duties sometimes, and I think he was an MP too.  And he said, "You had to stay awake or a kid might come up and say something to you, and he'd have a bomb on, and blow you both up."  He said you HAD to stay awake, so he started smoking.  But he did quit after he got home.